why are refugees treated differently

why are refugees treated differently

30.12.2020, , 0

For the West, the line between right and wrong is simply the border between Ukraine and Russia. Meanwhile, Poland erected a border fence, started to build a wall, passed legislation to make entry more difficult, and only accepted about 5.7 percent of asylum applications in 2020. Turkey, a crucial political ally in the region already overburdened with hosting almost three million Syrian refugees and managing a failing security sector, is not well-fit to host additional people.Sundays incidentwhen Turkish security guards shot and killed eleven Syrian refugees attempting to cross the Syria-Turkey borderis only the latest stark example of Turkeys inability to protect incoming migrants. Fortunately for the Ukrainians, Ukraines westward neighbors are working assiduously to register and take initial responsibility for this unprecedented flow, which is likely to add another 5 million refugees from Ukraine within a year from the Russian invasion, nearly five times as fast as the flow from Syria and North Africa. Since the passage of the Refugee Act in 1980, the U.S. has admitted more than 3.1 million refugees, and since 1990 more than 700,000 people have been granted asylum. A few European politicians have also stressed that Ukrainian refugees are qualitatively superior by virtue of their race and religion to those from countries in Latin America, Asia, Africa and. If there are too many refugees being housed in hotels, it's because the home office has been shown to be incapable of processing people quickly and letting them earn their own living. KESHAVARZ: And I think one very dangerous thing that we're seeing is - and it bears asking the question - is, have journalists become so desensitized to the suffering of different peoples of color, specifically people that are in war zones, that we're no longer seeing on the same level playing field? She says that's a pretty good sign of civilization. While a federal judge on Thursday blocked the Biden administration from enforcing Title 42 for migrant families, the administration still has 14 days to implement the court ruling, and in any case is appealing the decision. According to the U.N.'s 1951 Refugee Convention, a refugee is "someone who is unable or unwilling to return to their country of origin owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion." Media coverage of the invasion is part of the reason. In contrast, non-Ukrainian refugees have been physically assaulted by Polish and Belarussian patrolmen; left to freeze in the winter; detained in unhygienic camps in Greece; trapped in limbo between Poland and Belarus; assaulted with tear gas and water cannons near the Greece-Turkey border; and bombarded with xenophobic and anti-migrant rhetoric, especially in Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia. In 2014, Syrian and North African refugees poured into Greece, a country then not equipped to fulfill those treaty obligations. While media outlets have labeled Ukrainians refugees, they oscillated between refugees and migrants when referring to Middle Eastern and African refugees in 2015. It took three. CHARLIE D'AGATA: You know, this is a relatively civilized, relatively European - I have to choose those words carefully, too - city where you wouldn't expect that LIMBONG: The phrasing rankled enough people that he issued a clarifying apology a day later. Full coverage at CTVNews.ca/Ukraine. The way we talk about conflicts can impact those who are already most directly affected by war, refugees. Identifying different types of threat and their association with emotional responses and attitudes towards refugee migration. 2. But at the same time, the Biden administration has been quietly engaged in another series of evacuation flights, this time at our southern border. In 2016, Hungarian leader Viktor Orbn described migration as a poison, yet he recently exclaimed that Ukrainians are welcomed by friends in Hungary. EU nationseven those with notorious anti-migrant sentimentshave opened their arms and borders to Ukrainian refugees with unprecedented generosity. In line with these recommendations, countries with high migration rate such as Germany, Sweden, and Italy offer asylum seekers temporary work permits while their applications are being processed. A mass exodus of Ukrainians risks overwhelming resources in neighboring countries even as Europe pledges to aid refugees fleeing Russia's invasion. They concluded that the six threat types explained the data better than one general threat factor or two factors (i.e. A myriad of factors overlap and contribute to the exceptionalism of Ukrainian refugees in the EUIslamophobia; Europeans perceived similarities and fraternity with Ukrainians; racism, which also perpetuates inequality among refugees leaving Ukraine; media coverage; and geopolitics, especially the post-Cold War fear of Russian aggression and the EUs concern for its international reputation. Syrian Palestinians have always been treated differently to their Syrian counterparts; whereas Turkish authorities have given Syrian refugees a "temporary protection" status using a specific regulation (which has become increasingly precarious over time), Palestinians (including Syrian Palestinians) have had to apply for visas to enter and stay . Once granted refugee status in a host country, the state cant deport them. While EU members bicker over how to define, manage, and ultimately dispose of their new work-eager guests, asylum seekers themselves are finding innovative ways to avoid the system and gain access to the labor market so they can accomplish what they came for: Continue their life as best they can, even if on temporary grounds. And the results again showed support for the six threat types. As Al-Younes noted, who wants to hire an asylum seeker still at risk of deportation, since their application hasnt been accepted yet? They are unable to return home unless and until conditions in their native lands are safe for them again. Is it a vague feeling of hostility or does it stem from specific unpleasant experiences or future worries? Both direct and indirect threats were related to unfavorable attitudes toward refugees, so there may be a bidirectional relationship between peoples attitudes and their perception of threat: The perception of threat gives rise to negative attitudes toward outsiders, and negative attitudes also cause greater threat perception. Yet, as Khalid notes, we do not have a stereotype of white people being inherently violent and prone to domestic terrorism." Branding Muslims as terrorists and using such accusations to reject Muslim asylum seekers are thinly veiled attempts for religious, racial, and ethnic prejudice to masquerade as national security concerns. The Century Foundation takes your data security and privacy seriously. (Washington, DC) - The US deployment of border agents on horseback against Haitian migrants on September 19, 2021, stems from abusive and racially discriminatory immigration policies by the. Similarly, right-wing European officials used the recent sexual harassment scandal in Cologne to fuel cultural bias and collective punishment against all asylum seekers. Businesses and civil society groups are busy developing training programs and job centers for asylum seekers to integrate into the system. Its a continuation of the policy begun under the Trump administration known as Title 42, which essentially bans anyone from seeking asylum at the U.S. southern border under the pretext that concerns about the spread of Covid-19 mean they must immediately be deported. Islamophobia also underlies the assumption that Middle Eastern refugees are violent terroristsa sentiment echoed in Petkovs speech and Orbns comments that Muslim asylum seekers are Muslim invaders, accepting Middle Eastern migrants is importing terrorism, and all the terrorists are basically migrants. This assumption is a blatant fallacy of composition not applied to whites. While the two categories are treated differently by law, in practice they are both asylum seekers. She said she told U.S. officers that she was a victim of violence in her home country and requested asylum at the U.S. border. Early refugees from Ukraine often had relatives outside the country and the means to reach them. Six threat types emerged from the analysis of the responses:1. The impact of racism on refugee treatment is evident in how African, Middle Eastern, and Asian refugees fleeing Ukraine are treated. You know, looking and seeing why African migrants aren't allowed to cross into Hungary is just as valid as just asking why Ukrainians are. Khoury, the researcher, says race plays a part in all of this but also proximity and geopolitics, too. That convention requires the country that first registered an asylum seeker to administer the application and provide housing. Anna is from Denmark and can speak five languages. But the Venezuelans are being labelled as 'migrants' and that is shaping the governance response and the degree of engagement by UNHCR and others. In the wall-to-wall coverage of the crisis in Ukraine, a certain pattern has sometimes emerged that positions Ukrainians as different from other victims of conflict. Social Issues and Policy Review, 11, 78-123. Andrew Limbong, NPR News. subscribe to Stanford Report. Others avoid registering for asylum, not for practical reasons but out of a sense of dignity. What is threatening about refugees? Furthermore, to many white and Christian Europeans, an influx of Middle Eastern and African Muslim refugees threatens power dynamics rooted in racial and religious hegemony, while incoming Ukrainians primarily strengthen them. At least 660,000 people have fled Ukraine in the five days following the start of Russia's invasion, the United Nations refugee agency U.N.H.C.R. For more information, see our full Privacy Policy. More than half - nearly 548,000 - have fled to Poland which shares a 500km border with Ukraine. Since anger and hostility toward refugees might be related to the perception of injustice as well, we need to address feelings of injustice related to the obligation of accepting refugees and foreigners. NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an NPR contractor. PublishedFebruary 28, 2022 at 3:31 PM CST. The EU had to support Ukrainewhich included a commitment to aiding Ukrainian refugeesor risk international condemnation; in contrast, it is more politically risky for the EU to commit to one side of the Syrian civil war (a perceived choice between a tyrannical government or jihadists). A charity that helps refugees has said there is a big variation in how the UK helps people from different countries. RANA KHOURY: We certainly do see it play out in terms of the politics of refugee reception in the idea of whose burden should it be to take refugees who are from the global South, the Middle East, Africa, versus, you know, who is welcome and who can be brought in here. This stark contrast epitomizes Europes unequitable treatment of different refugee populations, with Ukrainians topping the refugee hierarchy. In contrast, a refugee arriving in America, after receiving a grant of $900 from the government, often has to rely on private aid organizations. Work permits alone do not guarantee refugees employment, though. Witnessing how Palestinian refugees have become caught in a state of permanent displacement, many Syrians are careful to disassociate themselves from the refugee identity. Diplomas and qualifications have to be recognized by the national labor system, which depending on the level of education can take years. RANA KHOURY: We certainly do see it play out in terms of the politics of refugee reception in the idea of whose burden should it be to take refugees who are from the global South, the Middle East, Africa, versus, you know, who is welcome and who can be brought in here. In addition, we should remember foreigners culture will change, particularly with intergroup contactjust as cultures of European immigrants to America have changed, as history shows. Stanford News is a publication of Stanford University Communications. In the first of these investigations, they used a sample of 55 male and 121 female psychology students (average age of 32 years). Attitudes also are affected by humanitarian concerns: When a refugee is perceived to have a valid claim or specific vulnerability for example, if he or she was a victim of torture support is generally higher. As anthropologist Miriam Ticktin has documented, some even infect themselves with deadly diseases to gain protection as HIV-positive patients and thereby gain residence. Andrew Limbong is a reporter for NPR's Arts Desk, where he does pieces on anything remotely related to arts or culture, from streamers looking for mental health on Twitch to Britney Spears' fight over her conservatorship. Public policy in the EU and discussions of Dublin Convention reform have been marred by misunderstandings. Asylum-seekers must not be forced back to the trauma and violence that theyre so desperately fleeing. Laitin also offers insight into how European Union (EU) policy is supporting a surge of refugees that the United Nations has described as the largest humanitarian crisis Europe has seen since World War II. Meanwhile, the Maslovas, a family from Ukraine, enjoy warm welcomes. But, as Katy Long argued in a policy brief for The Century Foundation, in the case of the United States, which accepted 69,900 refugees including a mere 2,192 Syrians last year, Western countries may be shooting themselves in the foot by outsourcing their migrant problem. The U.S. has an opportunity to build off of its strong response to the Ukrainian refugee crisis. With fewer resources invested in non-Ukrainian refugees, it may take longer for their asylum cases to be processed, prolonging unemployment, living precarity, and limited access to resources. LIMBONG: Rana Khoury, a research associate at Princeton University focusing on conflict and displacement, says this language has impacts on global refugee policy. The European Parliament stresses in a report that even though Sweden offers low working restrictions for asylees, their labor market is inflexible and poorly adaptable to employees with different skills. Arash Emamzadeh attended the University of British Columbia in Canada, where he studied genetics and psychology. The Century Foundation A refugee is someone who has been forced to flee his or her home because of war, violence or persecution, often without warning. The Danish. Refugees and migrants arrive to Europe by the same road; they also face the same challenges in seeking asylum, labor, and housing, as well as integrating into their host communities. Here are some suggestions: To understand the real effects of migration on us and our country, we must rely on data (e.g., economic indicators and crime rates), not ideology. U.S. intelligence agencies have assessed that. the U.S. has admitted more than 3.1 million refugees, more than 700,000 people have been granted asylum. symbolic and realistic). "But instead, it really is night and day if we talk about the programs for Afghanistan's refugees.". In Sweden, which received 163,000 asylum seekers in 2015, many asylum seekers face difficulties navigating the Swedish labor market. There are several interconnecting reasons behind this sudden change in the way European citizens and states are responding to refugees. U.S. authorities are dedicating extra resources to pick up the rate of flights in order to remove them more quickly, saying six to eight flights a day will depart starting Tuesday. as many EU members have already acknowledged, dismissed the EUs call for sharing the responsibility, could not only win skilled workers, but also hearts and minds, http://www.cfr.org/syria/assessing-syrian-refugee-crisis/p33595, Order from Ashes Podcast: Broken Bonds: Existential Crises, Order from Ashes Podcast: Broken Bonds: My Life as a Muslim Brother, Order from Ashes Podcast: The Earthquake, Cholera, and Borders, The Systems That Drive Corruption and Terrorism, Order from Ashes Podcast: Broken Bonds: No Identity, Q&A: Netanyahus Total War on Israels Judiciary. The Italian government has at times closed its ports to foreign boats carrying rescued migrants. The European Commission is considering reforms that ensure fair sharing of responsibility, including ending the Dublin Convention, but progress has been slow. Assad sought to offer a stark choice between his secular rule and a jihadi alternative, creating a binary with no clean, moral winner. All refugees deserve protection, not just our allies. As they began to land, she was shocked to learn from the pilot that their destination was instead Mexico. Many are living with so-called foster families and are being exploited . More so, their action was a case study in poor strategic thinking. He's the host of NPR's Book of the Day podcast and a frequent host on Life Kit. When I called the Swedish immigration authorities (Migrationsverket) to verify this, their press person acknowledged that not many asylum seekers are working, but indicated that only few asylum seekers make use of the temporary work permits in the first place. Stanford, California 94305. You know, looking and seeing why African migrants aren't allowed to cross into Hungary is just as valid as just asking why Ukrainians are. Notwithstanding, numerous other treaties - dealing with human rights, refugees, stateless people and the protection of political, civil and economic rights -indirectly afford protection for migrants; unfortunately, all too often, receiving countries flout these obligations. Migrants, on the other hand, live without legal protection and can be deported at any time. How do you anticipate Ukrainians experience will unfold compared to that of asylees from Syria or North Africa? That's what makes it so shocking. In the past year, a record-high 65 million people have been displaced worldwide, including more than one million people who crossed borders into the European Union while thousands more died on the way. D'AGATA: What I'd hoped to convey is that what's unique about the fighting underway here is that this country has not really seen the scale of war in recent years, unlike some LIMBONG: But it wasn't just CBS. Why are some refugees treated differently than others? Chief among these is the so-called " jewelry law " - a measure which allows the government to seize asylum seekers' assets, including their jewelry, to fund their stay in the country. To answer this question, they conducted a second study using a sample of 289 female and 118 male students (average age of 32 years). Author Kate Zernike dissects the years-long fight for gender equality at MIT, NASA made history by knocking an asteroid off course. [vi] Immigration policies are allegedly based on principles like "the reunification of families, admitting immigrants with skills that are valuable to the U.S. economy, protecting refugees, and promoting diversity." For example, a person who fears he might catch a deadly disease from refugees is reacting to a direct threat, but a person who fears negative changes in politics of the country, such as a significant increase in popular support for extremist right-wing and far-right parties, is reacting to an indirect or extended threat. This crisis requires countries that are accepting refugees to have . Many more Haitians trying to avoid this fate are being detained in Del Rio, Texas. This is because under Australia's excision regime (which was introduced in September 2001) asylum seekers who arrive at an 'excised offshore place' without a valid visa are barred from applying for a visa to remain in Australia unless the Minister personally intervenes to allow them to do so. Study 4 used a more representative sample, consisting of 111 women and 140 men (mean age of 50 years). Asylum applicants in northern Europe receive welfare benefits including free education and health care while their applications are being processed, which presents a considerable cost to society. LIMBONG: Keshavarz points to Poland accepting Ukrainian refugees when not that long ago, the country was telling scores of Afghans, Syrians and Iraqis, no, the country's full. But many European leaders nonetheless feel they are under pressure to minimize the number of asylum seekers within their own country. I need ammunition, not a ride from the war-torn streets of Kyiv, Zelensky has become a vocal, defiant defender of democracy and civil liberties, while Putin has trampled Russians freedoms, invaded a sovereign nation, and authorized countless war crimes in Ukraine. Broadly, what does your research reveal about the publics attitude toward refugees? Assistant Professor Farzana Saleem on how to mitigate the toll racial stressors take on kids mental health. Those seeking security at our southern border should not be treated any differently. Data collected from three IPL projects shows that Muslim immigrants and refugees face higher levels of discrimination in Europe than those with a Christian heritage. Zelensky is part of a community of Jews in Ukraine, some 200,000 strong, with historical and cultural ties to Israel, based on a long legacy of anti-Jewish pogroms and persecution in the country . That's what makes it so shocking. If they are able to overcome these barriers and enter the EU, non-Ukrainians face prolonged unemployment. First, the rules of the EUs Dublin Convention will not pose the same burdens. One of the many things that Russian President Vladimir Putin did not expect when he launched his gratuitously stupid invasion of Ukraine was international resolve. The deal gives EU states free passes to return migrants and failed asylum seekers to Turkey. They met a woman from Guatemala traveling with her two daughters. 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By misunderstandings the EU, non-Ukrainians face prolonged unemployment Syria or North Africa in,!

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