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olaf ii haraldsson

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It is likely that whatever formal or informal veneration of Olaf as a saint may have existed in Nidaros before that was emphasised and formalised on this occasion. Before leaving, Olaf was baptised in Rouen[9] in the pre-Romanesque Notre-Dame Cathedral by Richard's brother Robert the Dane, archbishop of Normandy. Modern historians[citation needed] generally agree[citation needed] that Olaf was inclined to violence and brutality, and note that earlier scholars often neglected this side of his character. Numerous royal, grand ducal and ducal lines are descended from Ordulf and Wulfhild, including members of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Among the bishops Olaf is known to have brought with him from England was Grimkell (Latin: Grimcillus). Numerous churches in Norway, Sweden, and Iceland were dedicated to him. He founded the town of Borg, later known as Sarpsborg, by the waterfall Sarpsfossen in Østfold county. But Olaf's success was short-lived. Olav is the modern equivalent in Norwegian, formerly often spelt Olaf. He was the Archbishop of Nidaros in Norway from 1452 to 1458. Olaf lost many men but made it back to his boats. [40] Like Freyr, he became associated with fertility, which led to his adoption as a patron saint by farmers, fishermen, sailors and merchants of the Hanseatic League, who turned to him for good yield and protection. [18] [9] He stayed for some time in the Swedish province of Nerike, where, according to local legend, he baptised many locals. For the video game character, see. His name in Icelandic is Ólafur, in Faroese Ólavur, in Danish Olav, in Swedish Olof, in Finnish Olavi. Saint Olaf ou Olav Haraldson ou Olaf II de Norvège dit le Gros ou le Saint, roi de Norvège de 1015 à 1028, est né vers 995 et mort le 29 juillet 1030. Olaf III Haraldsson synonyms, Olaf III Haraldsson pronunciation, Olaf III Haraldsson translation, English dictionary definition of Olaf III Haraldsson. Olaf’s popularity, his church work, and the aura of legend that surrounded his death, which was supposedly accompanied by miracles, led to his canonization in 1031. St Olave's Church, York, is referred to in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 1055[33] as the place of burial of its founder, Earl Siward. Miracles performed by St. Olaf appear for the first time in Þórarinn loftunga's skaldic poem Glælognskviða, or "Sea-Calm Poem", from about 1030–34. role of Olaf II. HM George I's 16-Great Grandfather. [35], In Germany, there used to be a shrine of St. Olaf in Koblenz. [7], Olaf Haraldsson had the given name Óláfr in Old Norse (etymology: Anu- "forefather", -laibaR —"heir"). There he gathered his forces, and in 1030 tried to re-take his throne. Skaldic poetry suggests he led a successful seaborne attack that took down London Bridge, though Anglo-Saxon sources do not confirm this. rsta was born circa 970, in Vestfold, Norway. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). This became typical of Scandinavian monarchies. [5], St.Olaf II's Old Norse name is Ólafr Haraldsson. Especially during the period of Romantic Nationalism, Olaf was a symbol of Norwegian independence and pride. The Oldest Saga of St. Olaf (c. 1200) is important to scholars for its constant use of skaldic verses, many of which are attributed to Olaf himself. During his lifetime he was known as Olaf 'the fat' or 'the stout' or simply as Olaf 'the big' (Ólafr digri; Modern Norwegian Olav digre). Olaf II's Old Norse name is Ólafr Haraldsson. A Pilgrim's Office in Oslo gives advice to pilgrims, and a Pilgrim Centre in Trondheim, under the aegis of the Cathedral, awards certificates to pilgrims when they complete their journeys. The route is known as The Pilgrim's Way (Pilegrimsleden). This may have been in 1014, restoring London and the English throne to Æthelred the Unready and removing Cnut.[17]. Other names, such as Oláfr hinn helgi, Olavus rex, and Olaf (as used in English) are used interchangeably (see the Heimskringla of Snorri Sturluson). [14][15][16] The journey resulted in the Battle at Herdaler, where Olaf and his men were ambushed in the woods. Died It praises Olaf and mentions some of the famous miracles attributed to him. When the Danish king Sweyn (Svein) I gained the advantage in England, Olaf went to Spain and also to France, where he was baptized at Rouen (1013). He was posthumously given the title Rex Perpetuus Norvegiae (English: Eternal/Perpetual King of Norway) and canonised at Nidaros by Bishop Grimkell, one year after his death in the Battle of Stiklestad on 29 July 1030. In his book The Conversion of Scandinavia, Anders Winroth argues that there was a "long process of assimilation, in which the Scandinavians adopted, one by one and over time, individual Christian practices. 1177–1188). Another St. Olave's Church south of London Bridge gave its name to Tooley Street and to the St Olave's Poor Law Union, later the Metropolitan Borough of Bermondsey: its workhouse in Rotherhithe became St Olave's Hospital and then an old people's home a few hundred metres from St Olav's Church, which is the Norwegian Church in London. Olaf II Haraldssön II (sometimes Olav), King of Norway from 1016-29, called during his lifetime "the Fat" or "the Stout", and afterwards known as St. Olaf, was born in 995, the year in which Olaf Tryggvessön … 29 lipca 1030) – król Norwegii w latach 1016–1028, święty Kościoła katolickiego.. Wprowadził w kraju chrześcijaństwo (między innymi stworzył w nim biskupstwa, zakazał spożywania końskiego mięsa), zniósł niewolnictwo, ograniczył władzę arystokracji i wprowadził lokalne ustawodawstwo. In Norway today, he is commonly referred to as Olav den hellige (Bokmål; Olaf the Holy) or Heilag-Olav (Nynorsk; the Holy Olaf) in honour of his sainthood. Olaf nevertheless won the battle. Olav is the modern equivalent in Norwegian, formerly often spelt Olaf. Check out Olaf II Haraldsson by S91 on Amazon Music. Olaf II Haraldsson ( 995-July 29 1030 ),a.k.a, Saint Olaf, was King of Norway from 1015-28 . (Etymology: Anu – "forefather", Leifr – "heir".) [12], It is said that Olaf participated alongside fellow Viking Thorkell the Tall in the Siege of Canterbury in 1011.[13]. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. King Cnut, though distracted by the task of governing England, ruled Norway for five years after Stiklestad, with his son Svein and Svein's mother Ælfgifu (known as Álfífa in Old Norse sources) as regents. These include the Ágrip af Nóregskonungasögum (c. 1190), the Historia Norwegiae (c. 1160–1175) and a Latin text, Historia de Antiquitate Regum Norwagiensium by Theodoric the Monk (c. 1177–1188). He is also recognized as the patron saint of the Faroe Islands.[23][24]. Olaf most likely did try to bring Christianity to the interior of Norway, where it was less prevalent. Harald Grenske died when Åsta Gudbrandsdatter was pregnant with Olaf. In: DuBois, Thomas A., ed. [10], Icelanders also wrote extensively about Olaf and there are several Icelandic sagas about him, including Fagrskinna (c. 1220) and Morkinskinna (c. 1225–1235). Olaf II `the Holy King' HARALDSSON. Many believe Olaf introduced Christian law into Norway in 1024, based upon the Kuli stone. [18] In 1016 at the Battle of Nesjar he defeated Earl Sweyn, one of the earls of Lade and hitherto the de facto ruler of Norway. Corrections? It was originally a gift presented to Pope Leo XIII in 1893 for the golden jubilee of his ordination as a bishop by Norwegian nobleman and papal chamberlain Baron Wilhelm Wedel-Jarlsberg. When King Magnus died during 1069, Olaf became the sole ruler of Norway. Narodil se v roce, kdy se Olaf Tryggvason vrátil do Norska a ujal se vlády. Heimskringla (c. 1225), by Snorri Sturluson, largely bases its account of Olaf on the earlier Fagrskinna. Olaf II Haraldsson, also called Saint Olaf, Norwegian Hellig-Olav, (born c. 995—died July 29, 1030, Stiklestad, Norway; feast day July 29), the first effective king of all Norway and the country’s patron saint, who achieved a 12-year respite from Danish domination and extensively increased the acceptance of Christianity. In 1152/3, Nidaros was separated from Lund as the archbishopric of Nidaros. Olaf brought with him Grimkell, who is usually credited with helping Olaf create episcopal sees and further organising the Norwegian church. It also led to the naming of St Olave's Grammar School, which was established in 1571 and was in Tooley Street until 1968, when it moved to Orpington, Kent. [10], Finally, many hagiographic sources describe St. Olaf, but these focus mostly on miracles attributed to him and cannot be used to accurately recreate his life. He was said to have healing power, which attracted people to his shrine, and various springs were claimed to have sprung forth where he or his body had been. Olaf himself is portrayed in later sources as a saintly miracle-working figure to help support this quick view of conversion for Norway, but the historical Olaf did not act this way, as seen especially in the skaldic verses attributed to him. At this time, local bishops and their people recognised and proclaimed a person a saint, and a formal canonisation procedure through the papal curia was not customary; in Olaf's case, this did not happen until 1888. Judging from the bare outlines of known historical facts, he appears to have been a fairly unsuccessful ruler, whose power was based on an alliance with the much more powerful King Cnut the Great; who was driven into exile when he claimed power of his own; and whose attempt at a reconquest was swiftly crushed. The Osilians, taken by surprise, had at first agreed to Olaf's demands, but then gathered an army during the negotiations and attacked the Norwegians. When he died in 1464, he was buried in front of the shrine's altar. Updates? Canute’s control of the trade routes to the west of Norway, and the prospect of his ruling more indirectly than Olaf had done, won the support of leading Norwegian chieftains. In pagan times, Scandinavian kings derived their right to rule from their claims of descent from the Norse god Odin, or in the case of the kings of the Swedes at Old Uppsala, from Freyr. Åsta was born circa 970, in Upplands, Vestfold, Norway. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. His religious code of 1024 is considered to represent Norway’s first national legislation. [37], In the Faroe Islands, the day of St. Olaf's death is celebrated as Ólavsøka, a nation-wide holiday. His presence was even felt in Finland and many travelled from all over the Norse world in order to visit his shrine. When King Magnus died during 1069, Olaf became the sole ruler of Norway. Olaf attempted to reconquer Norway in 1030 with help from Anund Jakob but was defeated by a superior Norwegian peasant and Danish army in the Battle of Stiklestad (1030), one of the most celebrated battles in ancient Norse history. Olaf sündis 995. aastal Harald Grenske peres ning oli Harald Kaunisjuukse lapselapselaps. But Grimkell was only a member of Olaf's household and no permanent sees were created until c. 1100. Sigrid Undset noted that Olaf was baptised in Rouen, the capital of Normandy, and suggested that Olaf may have used priests of Norman descent for his missionaries. Olaf annihilated the petty kings of the South, subdued the aristocracy, asserted his suzerainty in the Orkney Islands, and conducted a successful raid on Denmark. Early depictions of Olaf portray him as clean-shaven, but after 1200 he appears with a red beard, which may have been absorbed from Thor. Olaf II Haraldsson (c. 995 – 29 July 1030), later known as Saint Olaf (and traditionally as St. Olave), was King of Norway from 1015 to 1028. S91 Along the Sacred Path ℗ 2019 Rockshots Records Released on: 2019-03-22 Auto-generated by YouTube. Olaf has traditionally been seen as leading the Christianisation of Norway, but most scholars of the period now believe that Olaf had little to do with the process. Olaf II (Haraldsson) Święty, norw. Olaf II Haraldsson (Old Norse: Óláfr Haraldsson) (995 – July 29, 1030) was king of Norway from 1015 to 1028, (known during his lifetime as "the Big" (Óláfr Digre) and after his canonization as Saint Olaf or Olaus). 995. After the death of his father, Olaf shared the kingdom with his brother Magnus II (Magnus 2 Haraldsson) who had become king the previous year. It seems that, like many Scandinavian kings, Olaf used his Christianity to gain more power for the monarchy and centralise control in Norway. Canute forced Olaf to flee to Russia (1028), where the Norwegian ruler took refuge with his Swedish wife’s relatives. He is sometimes referred to as Rex Perpet… The exact location of the battle is uncertain and the Finnish equivalent of Herdaler is unknown. During his reign, the nation of Norway experienced a rare extended period of peace. [21] The codification of Christianity as the legal religion of Norway was attributed to Olaf, and his legal arrangements for the Church of Norway came to stand so high in the Norwegian people's and clergy's eyes that when Pope Gregory VII attempted to make clerical celibacy binding on the priests of Western Europe in 1074–75, Norwegians largely ignored it, since there was no mention of clerical celibacy in Olaf's legal code for their church. Saint; King of NORWAY. In Christian times this legitimation of a dynasty's right to rule and its national prestige was based on its descent from a saintly king. Although its facts are dubious, the saga recounts Olaf's deeds as follows: About 1008, Olaf landed on the Estonian island of Saaremaa (Osilia). Olaf saw it as his calling to unite Norway into one kingdom, as Harald Fairhair had largely succeeded in doing. What seems clear is that Olaf made efforts to establish a church organization on a broader scale than before, among other things by importing bishops from England, Normandy and Germany, and that he tried to enforce Christianity in the inland areas, which had the least communication with the rest of Europe, and which economically were more strongly based on agriculture, so that the inclination to hold on to the former fertility cult was stronger than in the more diversified and expansive western parts of Norway. Olaf Haraldsson was born circa 995, at birth place, to Harald Gudrødsson Grenske and Åsta "Astrid" Grenske (born Gudbrandsdottir). This church is believed to have been near the church of Hagia Irene in Constantinople. Eysteinn Erlendsson, Archbishop of Nidaros, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Martyr-King Olaf of Norway – A Holy Orthodox Saint of Norway", "St. Olaf, Patron Saint of Norway", St. Olaf Catholic Church, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 'Fact or folklore: the Viking attack on London Bridge', "Bishop John Willem Nicolaysen Gran, O.C.S.O. PM Churchill's 26-Great Grandfather. The exact position of Saint Olaf's grave in Nidaros has been unknown since 1568, due to the effects of the Lutheran iconoclasm in 1536–37. His remains were enshrined in Nidaros Cathedral, built over his burial site. [citation needed], For centuries, Olaf figured in folk traditions as a slayer of trolls and giants, and as a protector against malicious forces. St. Olaf was widely popular throughout Scandinavia. Olaf sailed to the southern coast of Finland sometime in 1008. These include the Ágrip af Nóregskonungasögum (c. 1190), the Historia Norwegiae (c. 1160–1175) and a Latin text, Historia de Antiquitate Regum Norwagiensium by Theodoric the Monk (c. U.S. President [WASHINGTON] 's 22-Great Grandfather. Olaf II Haraldsson of Norway JOHN JANARO The "conversion of the barbarians" was gradual as Christianity became inculturated among whole populations, and wove an unprecedented fabric of unity among hitherto perpetually warring pagan clans. Olaf II Haraldsson , also called "the Fat" or "the Stout" during his lifetime, was born in 995 (the year in which Olaf Tryggvessön arrived in Norway.) But Olaf II died before the East-West Schism and a strict Roman Rite was not well-established in Scandinavia at the time. In 1019 Olaf married Astrid Olofsdotter, King Olof's illegitimate daughter and the half-sister of his former fiancée. Olaf swiftly became Norway's patron saint; Bishop Grimkell performed his canonisation only a year after his death. During his reign, the nation of Norway experienced a rare extended period of peace. Olaf seized the opportunity to win back the kingdom, but he fell in 1030 at the Battle of Stiklestad, where some of his own subjects from central Norway took arms against him. [29] One is the killing and throwing onto a mountain of a sea serpent still visible on the cliffside. Maud of Wales, daughter of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom, was the mother of King Olav V of Norway, so Olav and his son Harald V, the present king of Norway, are descended from Olaf. Olaf II Haraldsson, also called Saint Olaf, Norwegian Hellig-Olav, (born c. 995—died July 29, 1030, Stiklestad, Norway; feast day July 29), the first effective king of all Norway and the country’s patron saint, who achieved a 12-year respite from Danish domination and extensively increased the … Olav II de Heilige Haraldson was born in 995, at birth place, to Sigurd Syr av Norge and rsta Sigurdsson (born Gudbrandsdotter). Several churches in England were dedicated to him (often as St Olave); the name was presumably popular with Scandinavian immigrants. It has been suggested that it could be in Uusimaa. Entry for 'Olaf ii Haraldsson' - One of 8 Bible encyclopedias freely available, this resource contained over 40 million words in nearly 40,000 articles written by 1,500 respected authors The skaldic verses attributed to Olaf do not speak of Christianity at all, but use pagan references to describe romantic relationships.[10][20]. On the way home he wintered with Duke Richard II of Normandy. Olaf was driven into exile in Kievan Rus. The son of the lord Harald Grenske and a descendant of the Norwegian ruler Harald I Fairhair, Olaf was reared as a pagan and became a Viking warrior in the Baltic region. Olaf tried to force Christianity on them, but they revolted in 1029, and drove him first to Sweden and then to Kiev (in modern Russia). Olav II Haraldsson (oma eluajal tuntud ... Elulugu. But the relics of St. Olaf are no longer in the Nidaros Cathedral. His name in Icelandic is Ólafur, i… His religious code of 1024 is considered to represent Norway’s first national legislation. The Finns pursued them and made the same progress on land as Olaf and his men made on water. Olaf (or Olav) II, Saint (Olaf Haraldsson), A.D. 995–1030, king of Norway 1016–29: patron saint of Norway. In 1029, King Cnut's Norwegian regent, Jarl Håkon Eiriksson, was lost at sea. Lindow, John. Olave was the traditional spelling in England, preserved in the name of medieval churches dedicated to him. He was killed in battle, and regarded by Norwegians as the great champion of national independence and a martyr. HRE Ferdinand I's 14-Great Grandfather. Olaf returned to Norway in 1015 and declared himself king, obtaining the support of the five petty kings of the Norwegian Uplands. In Olaf II Haraldsson …and Danish army in the Battle of Stiklestad (1030), one of the most celebrated battles in ancient Norse history. Within a few years he had won more power than any of his predecessors on the throne had enjoyed. Ta ristiti Rouenis, kus ta oleks pidanud kohtama benetiktiinlikku suundumust. The Dominican Monastery was secularized in 1802 and bulldozed in 1955. Peringskiöld, Ättartal för Swea och Götha KonungaHus (1725) sida 083.jpg 3,767 × 6,313; 26.88 MB. "[21] Winroth does not claim that Olaf was not Christian, but argues that we cannot think of any Scandinavians as fully converting as portrayed in the later hagiographies or sagas. Stream ad-free or purchase CD's and MP3s now on Amazon.com. Olaf II Haraldsson, also called Saint Olaf, Norwegian Hellig-Olav, (born c. 995—died July 29, 1030, Stiklestad, Norway; feast day July 29), the first effective king of all Norway and the country’s patron saint, who achieved a 12-year respite from Danish domination and extensively increased the acceptance of Christianity. [30] Another took place on the day of his death, when a blind man regained his sight after rubbing his eyes with hands stained with Olaf's blood. Olav is the modern equivalent in Norwegian, formerly often spelt Olaf. Olav (Haraldsson) den Hellige (ur.995, zm. Olaf’s popularity, his church work, and the aura of legend that surrounded his death, which was supposedly accompanied by miracles, led to his canonization in 1031. [3] Following the Reformation he was a commemorated historical figure among some members of the Lutheran and Anglican Communions. Eysteinn Erlendsson is commonly believed to have written. As a teenager, he went to the Baltics, Denmark, and England, and wintered with Duke Richard II of Normandy on his way home. His sainthood encouraged the widespread adoption of Christianity by Scandinavia's Vikings/Norsemen. He fought against the English in 1009–11 but assisted the English ruler Ethelred (Aethelred) II the Unready against the Danes in 1013. Olaf was born in 995, the son of Åsta Gudbrandsdatter and Harald Grenske, great-great-grandchild of Harald Fairhair, the first king of Norway. Deceased", "St. Olaf Church, Patron of Norway Catholic Church", "St. Olave's Anglican Church – Beauty and Tradition in Toronto's Bloor West Village", A History of Norway and The Miracles of the Blessed Olafr, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Olaf_II_of_Norway&oldid=994740500, Pre-Reformation saints of the Lutheran liturgical calendar, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from March 2017, Articles with Norwegian-language sources (no), Articles with German-language sources (de), Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles needing additional references from July 2012, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2019, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the New International Encyclopedia, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, St. Olave's Anglican Church, Toronto, ON, Canada, The primary school and GAA club in Balally, Dublin, Ireland, both named for St. Olaf, The oldest picture of St. Olaf is painted on a column in the, St Olaf St a secondary street in Lerwick, Shetland, Ekrem, Inger; Lars Boje Mortensen; Karen Skovgaard-Petersen (2000), Langslet, Lars Roar; Ødegård, Knut (2011), This page was last edited on 17 December 2020, at 08:45. Olaf Haraldsson and Olaf Tryggvason are both traditionally regarded as the driving forces behind Norway's final conversion to Christianity. The Church of Norway may be dated from 1024, when Olaf and his ecclesiastical adviser, Bishop Grimkell, presented a religious code at Moster. [a] The cult of Olaf unified the country and consolidated the christianisation of Norway. Born: abt. Many Christian institutions with Scandinavian links as well as Norway's Order of St. Olav are named after him. Thus the kings of Norway promoted the cult of St. Olaf, the kings of Sweden the cult of St. Erik and the kings of Denmark the cult of Saint Canute, just as in England the Norman and Plantagenet kings promoted the cult of St. Edward the Confessor at Westminster Abbey, their coronation church.[27]. Pope Alexander III confirmed Olaf's local canonisation in 1164, making him a universally recognised saint of the Roman Catholic Church. The Norwegian synoptic histories also mention Olaf. In Norway today, he is commonly called Olav den hellige (Bokmål; Olaf the Holy) or Heilage-Olav (Nynorsk; the Holy Olaf) in honour of his sainthood. Normans were somewhat familiar with the culture of the people they were to convert and in some cases may have been able to understand the language. Grimketel initiated the beatification of Olaf on 3 August 1031. n. He was posthumously given the title of Rex Perpetuus Norvegiae ( Norway's Eternal King ) and canonized in Nidaros ( now Trondheim) by Bishop Grimkell one year after his death the the Battle of Stiklstad . Harald Grenske died when Åsta was pregnant with Olaf. The texts used for the liturgical celebration of St. Olaf during most of the Middle Ages were probably compiled or written by Eystein Erlendsson, the second Archbishop of Nidaros (1161–1189). Norsemen had conquered this region in 881. A notable one is The Passion and the Miracles of the Blessed Olafr.[11]. By this time he was also being called Norway's Eternal King. Olav was baptized in 1030, at baptism place. An office, or prayer service, for Olaf is found in the so-called Leofric collectar (c. 1050), which Bishop Leofric of Exeter bequeathed in his last will and testament to Exeter Cathedral. This calls for an explanation of the status he gained after his death. St Olave Hart Street in the City of London is the burial place of Samuel Pepys and his wife. Media in category "Olaf II of Norway" The following 5 files are in this category, out of 5 total. His popularity spread rapidly; churches and shrines were constructed in his honour in England, Sweden, and Rome. After the death of his father, Olaf shared the kingdom with his brother Magnus II (Magnus 2 Haraldsson) who had become king the previous year. From Thor, he inherited the quick temper, physical strength and merits of a giant-slayer. The chapel was restored in 1980 and reinaugurated by Bishop John Willem Gran, bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. [39] Around the 12th century, folk traditions and iconography of Olaf absorbed elements of the gods Thor and Freyr from Norse mythology. But this stone is hard to interpret. "St. Olaf and the Skalds." He ordered his ships to depart despite a riding storm. For other uses, see, "Olaf the Stout" redirects here. He was the last Western saint accepted by the Eastern Orthodox church. His name in Icelandic is Ólafur, in Danish Oluf, in Swedish Olof, the Norse-Gaels called him Amlaíb and in Waterford it is Olave. [38], Recently the pilgrimage route to Nidaros Cathedral, the site of St. Olaf's tomb, has been reinstated. He is sometimes called Rex Perpetuus Norvegiae (English: "Norway's Eternal King"), a designation which goes back to the 13th century. The oldest is the Glælognskviða or "Sea-Calm Poem", composed by Þórarinn loftunga, an Icelander. This was before the time of the formal canonization process now in use. This is generally accepted to be the earliest datable church foundation dedicated to Olaf and is further evidence of a cult of St. Olaf in the early 1050s in England. She later married Sigurd Syr, with whom she had other children, including Harald Hardrada, who later reigned as king of Norway. Ta kasvas üles Ringerikes Kagu-Norras. But their regency was unpopular, and when Olaf's illegitimate son Magnus ('the Good') laid claim to the Norwegian throne, Svein and Ælfgifu were forced to flee. Son of Harald Grenske, a petty king in Vestfold, Norway,[2] he was posthumously given the title Rex Perpetuus Norvegiae (English: Eternal/Perpetual King of Norway) and canonised at Nidaros (Trondheim) by Bishop Grimkell, one year after his death in the Battle of Stiklestad on 29 July 1030. The oldest is the Glælognskviða or "Sea-Calm Poem", composed by Þórarinn loftunga, an Icelander. Olaf Haraldsson had the given name Óláfr in Old Norse. [41], "St. Olaf" redirects here. Thus St. Olaf was also the last saint venerated by both the Western and Eastern churches before the Great Schism. Grimkell was later appointed bishop in the diocese of Selsey in southeastern England. It was founded in 1463 or 1464 by Heinrich Kalteisen at his retirement home, the Dominican Monastery in the Altstadt ("Old City") neighborhood of Koblenz. Owing to Olaf's later status as Norway's patron saint, and to his importance in later medieval historiography and in Norwegian folklore, it is difficult to assess the historical Olaf's character. He was posthumously given the title Rex Perpetuus Norvegiae Eternal King of Norway) and canonised in Nidaros (Trondheim) by Bishop Grimkell, one year after his death in the Battle of Stiklestad on 29 July 1030. As a teenager Olaf went to the Baltic, then to Denmark and later to England. [citation needed], Many texts have information about Olaf Haraldsson. King Olaf Haraldsson of Norway had the given name Óláfr in Old Norse. In the succeeding 12 years he built his base of support among the aristocracy in the interior and pressed relentlessly for the acceptance of Christianity, using missionaries he brought from England. The union produced a daughter, Wulfhild, who married Ordulf, Duke of Saxony in 1042. Writing around 1070, Adam of Bremen mentions pilgrimage to St. Olaf's shrine in Nidaros, but this is the only firm trace we have of a cult of St. Olaf in Norway before the mid-12th century. Olaf II. He is also venerated in the Eastern Orthodox Church.[28]. It praises Olaf and mentions some of the famous miracles attributed to him. For various reasons, most importantly the death of King Cnut the Great in 1035 but perhaps also a certain discontent among Norwegian nobles with Danish rule in the years after Olaf's death in 1030, Olaf's illegitimate son with the concubine Alvhild, Magnus the Good, assumed power in Norway, and eventually also in Denmark.

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