1 maccabees summary shmoop

1 maccabees summary shmoop

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The revolt is also known by the name Maccabee, after the most renowned of Mattathias's sons . 2 He had five sons: John, who was called Gaddi; 3 Simon, who 1:9 And after his death they all put crowns upon themselves; so did their sons after them many years: and evils were multiplied in the earth. The kingdom began to decline under Ptolemy IV Philopator, who was a bad administrator and led a dissolute life. VERSE 1. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. One of the most notable and unusual aspects of the book of 1 Maccabees by absence is the lack of any direct mention of God. Attempts to discredit the work as essentially fiction have been discounted even by strongly critical scholars today. The victors had apparitions from heaven. That is, they covered over their circumcision. Others, like Mattathias, fought to remain faithful to the Law. [20] The book is not written in colloquial "common" Koine Greek of the 2nd century BC, but rather a more archaic style of Greek consciously imitative of the style of older scriptures. That is, about 168 BC. Judas's brother Simon Thassi is declared High Priest by will of the Jewish people. He extensively uses the first thirteen chapters of it in Books 12 and 13 of his work Jewish Antiquities, paraphrasing it directly in parts, although supplementing it with other Greek histories such as Nicolaus of Damascus. The second book is even more important from the doctrinal point of view. Book of Daniel. As noted above, if ancient manuscripts of the hypothesized original Hebrew version existed, they have been lost. 2023 United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, United States Conference of Catholic Bishops is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. Did you read anything in the book that touched you, expanded your faith or made you think more deeply about your life and how you live it. For Jews, a highlight of 1 Maccabees is its description of the rededication of the Temple of Jerusalem and the institution of Hanukkah. The other Jews then reason that, when attacked, they must fight even on the holy day. The later Jewish historian Josephus most likely used some form of this text in writing his account of the Maccabean revolt. In the first chapter, Alexander the Great conquers vast territories and sets up a great empire, in which the territory of Judea is included. Despite this, the book is not included as canon in the Tanakh. Ps 119:89-90). Sign up for our short, weekly email about how we're inviting people to discover the Bible. The book draws a sharp contrast between Jews and Gentiles, similar to the books of Ezra and Nehemiah. The rededication of the Jerusalem Temple described in 4:3659 (see 2Mc 10:18) is the origin of the Jewish feast of Hanukkah. 3 He advanced to the ends of the earth and . VERSE 7. 13-16). [35] Simon fortifies Jerusalem (1 Maccabees 13:10) and secures the reoccupation of Joppa (1 Maccabees 13:11), leading the people in peace and prosperity until he is murdered by agents of Ptolemy, son of Abubus, who had been named governor of the region by the Macedonian Greeks. When Mattathias died (c. 166 bc), his son Judas Maccabaeus recaptured Jerusalem and reconsecrated the temple, an event celebrated in the holiday Hanukkah. Hope for life beyond death enabled the people of God to commit their lives fully to the God who had called them, even when this seemed of no benefit in worldly terms. IV Maccabees has scanty historical information and belongs to the Maccabees series only because it deals with the beginning of the persecution of Jews by Antiochus IV Epiphanes. The book's author is unknown, but is assumed to have been a devout Jew from the Holy Land who may have even taken part in the events described in the book, or at least knew older people who participated in them. And they put there a sinful nation, transgressors of the law, and they strengthened themselves therein. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. 1 Maccabees is the most extensive source of information on events in Judea from 175 to 135. Pre-modern translations of the work were made in Latin, Syriac, and Armenian. In either case, only the Greek text has survived, and this only through its inclusion in the Christian canon. The festival of Hanukkah is instituted (1 Macc. If you like what I write, become my partner by donating. It is not in the Codex Vaticanus. The origin of the word "maccabee" is unclear; it may derive from the Hebrew word maqqabi (= hammer)a reference to Judas' physical strength and exploits. Purpose of The Book of 1 Maccabees: The purpose in writing 1 Maccabees Book is to record the deliverance of Israel that God worked through the family of Mattathias (5:62) - especially through his three sons, Judas, Jonathan, and Simon, and his grandson, John Hyrcanus. These two books tell you a lot about Jewish self-definition in the second and first century bc. Thus did they in their might to Israel, to those that were found month by month in the cities. Pride goes before destruction, and an arrogant spirit before a fall. VERSE 19. It also uses anachronistic terms at times to make explicit parallels between the exploits of the Hasmoneans and earlier Jewish heroes; for example, it refers to the coastal region of Palestine as the land of the Philistines, despite the Philistines no longer being a relevant cultural grouping in the era. These heroes of the faith will not forsake the One God. It purports to be a historical account of the repression and miraculous salvation of Egyptian Jewry during the reign (221205 bce) of Ptolemy IV Philopator. 2 Maccabees is a summary of Jason's five-volume work. VERSE 60. 504 Pages, 6.12 x 9.25 in, 2 b-w illus. for the first and 124 B.C. 1 Maccabees is a deuterocanonical book written by a Jewish author and included in the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox canons of the Bible. When we first meet Hiro Protagonist, he delivers pizzas for the mob in L.A.; he's also a brilliant hacker and sword-wielding genius, but his plays-poorly-with-others personality means he needs a day job. for the second, on the basis of the information given in the first letter they refer to (2 Mace. It frequently imitates biblical phraseology and directly cites biblical precedents. Updates? Reading time: Around 4 hours for both books or 2 hours for one. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Omissions? It also asserts the resurrection of the just and tells us what we need to know about the fate of the unjust (7:9, 14,23,29; 14:46). The first book was written in Hebrew, although what we have is only a Greek translation; the second, written in Greek, shows that the author had a good grasp of Greek rhetoric and the Greek language, which suggests he may have been from Alexandria. Nothing is known about the author of 1 Maccabees other than that the attention to detail and knowledge of events suggests that he was an eye witness or had access to eyewitness accounts. [21][22] The English equivalent would be writing new books in the style of the King James Version. He also forbids circumcision and possession of Jewish scriptures, imposing the death penalty for those who disobey. The two Books of Maccabees contain independent accounts of events (in part identical) that accompanied the attempted suppression of Judaism in Palestine in the second century B.C. Antiochus forbids both circumcision and possession of Jewish scriptures on pain of death. And he called his servants, which were honorable, which had been brought up with him from his youth, and he divided to them his kingdom, while he was yet alive. In Chapter 2, there is a line from a dying Mattathias who tells his sons to always listen to Simon and that "he shall be your father", seemingly praising him even over Judas. VERSE 46. and pollute the sanctuary and those who were holy; VERSE 47. that they should build altars, and temples, and shrines for idols, and should sacrifice swines flesh and unclean beasts: VERSE 48. and that they should leave their sons uncircumcised, that they should make their souls abominable with all manner of uncleanness and profanation; VERSE 49. so that they might forget the law, and change all the ordinances. VERSE 22. and the table of the show bread, and the cups to pour withal, and the bowls, and the golden censers, and the veil, and the crowns, and the adorning of gold which was on the face of the temple, and he scaled it all off. That is, his heart became proud and arrogant (NAB translation). It describes the refusal of Mattathias to perform pagan religious rites, the ensuing Jewish revolt against Syrian hegemony, the political machinations whereby Demetrius II of Syria granted Judaea its independence, and the election of Simon as both high priest and secular ruler of the Judaean Jews. . [ a] 2 He had five sons: John, who was called Gaddi; 3 Simon, who was called Thassi; 4 Judas, who was called Maccabeus; 5 Eleazar, who was called Avaran; and Jonathan, who was called . Mattathias and His Sons. VERSE 6. 6 summary 1 john chapter 5 usccb irregulars chapter 5 1 mangakakalot com family affair vol 1 chapter 5 w mangairo com 1 maccabees chapter 5 usccb chapter 5 determining income and calculating rent 5 1 hard times book the first sowing chapters 5 8 summary ch 5 where s all my stuff the witcher gamefaqs jane eyre volume 1 chapter 5 shmoop chapter . Grimm indicates the time span for when the book could have been written to be from 105-64 b.c.e. However, after successfully invading the Ptolemaic kingdom of Egypt, Antiochus IV enters Jerusalem and removes the sacred objects from the Temple. VERSE 40. The name Maccabee probably means "hammer" and was the nickname given in the book to the first leader of the revolt, Judas, third son of Mattathias. Note: 1 and 2 Maccabees are not included in most Protestant and Jewish Bibles. Friend. From the time of Alexander onward Greek culture spread throughout the Middle East. Ptolemy IIs court at Alexandria was famed for its learning. VERSE 57. Experts date the original Hebrew text sometime in the late second century B.C.E. By the end of the war, Simon was the only one of the five sons of Mattathias to survive and he ushered in an 80-year period of Jewish . 2 Maccabees interprets the misfortunes of the Jews as God's punishment for their own sins; the author of 1 Maccabees depicts the problems as due to the external evil of Antiochus IV and his generals, not as a cleansing ordeal that was in some sense divine will. VERSE 29. Maccabees does not mention the involvement of the mercenaries who are mentioned in other accounts, whereas other accounts do not mention the Jewish involvement. The author exhibits a personal interest in the events, but presents them as accurately as possible given his own commitment to the Maccabean dynasty as instituted by God. It became part of the deuterocanon in early Christianity. VERSE 21. and entered presumptuously into the sanctuary, and took the golden altar, and the candlestick of the light, and all that pertained thereto. the hundred and forty and fifth year. Friend and confederate. The history of the Maccabee family given in these books ends with the death of Simon and the succession of his son, John Hyrcanus. Antipathy toward the Seleucid-friendly Hellenizing Jews is unsurprising, as they were enemies in war, but 1 Maccabees extends criticism to internal Jewish opponents of the Hasmoneans as well. 1 After Alexander son of Philip, the Macedonian, who came from the land of Kittim, had defeated King Darius of the Persians and the Medes, he succeeded him as king. This caused the Maccabean revolt, led by Mattathias and his sons. First Maccabees or 1 Maccabees is most famous as the source of the Jewish holiday of Hanukkah. This caused the Maccabean revolt, led by Mattathias and his sons. Not only the leaders, but also circumcised infants and their mothers are killed as a warning to others. Unlike most of the Books of the Maccabees, 1 Maccabees was written in Hebrew and translated into Greek as part of the . He shows intimate and detailed geographical knowledge of the Judea, Galilee, and their environs, but is inaccurate in his information about foreign countries. It was probably written sometime in the second century bc, in other words very shortly after the events it described. Hardcover; 9780300159936; Published: Tuesday, 26 Apr 2022; $85.00. This suggests that in antiquity, IV Maccabees, dealing almost exclusively with martyrdom, may have been the most highly regarded. 2He fought many battles, conquered strongholds, and put to death the kings of the earth. First Maccabees can be divided as follows: Copyright 2019-2023 USCCB, please review our Privacy Policy. And his servants bare rule, each one in his place. [47] No angels or miracles come to save the Jews; rather, it is the divinely-approved firm leadership of the Hasmoneans that leads to victory.[9]. Her sanctuary was laid waste like a wilderness, her feasts were turned into mourning, her Sabbaths into reproach, her honor into contempt. The origin of the word maccabee is unclear; it may derive from the Hebrew word maqqabi (= hammer)a reference to Judas physical strength and exploits. As far as the dates of composition are concerned, these can be taken as approximately 100 B.C. First Maccabees covers the efforts of the Jewish people to regain their freedom following the desecration of the temple by Antiochus IV Epiphanes. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The author is anonymous, but he probably wrote in the newly independent Hasmonean kingdom after the success of the Maccabean Revolt in the late 2nd century BC. Registered charity 232759. VERSE 55. John R. Bartlett argues for somewhere between 11090 BCE. [This chapter is in Orthodox and Catholic Bibles] Alexander the Great. [13] The word "Maccabees" in plural, however, does not appear to have been used until centuries after the Maccabean Revolt. They establish a gymnasium, where men socialized in the nude. The books had separate authors. His severest condemnation goes, not to the Seleucid politicians, but to the lawless apostates among his own people, adversaries of Judas and his brothers, who are models of faith and loyalty. VERSE 45. and should forbid whole burnt offerings and sacrifice and drink offerings in the sanctuary; and should profane the Sabbaths and feasts. The Septuagint was preserved by early Christians as the basis for the Christian Old Testament. And they stored up arms and food, and gathering together the spoils of Jerusalem, they laid them up there, and they became a sore snare: VERSE 36. and it became a place to lie in wait in against the sanctuary, and an evil adversary to Israel continually. Bible Society, Stonehill Green, Westlea, Swindon SN5 7DG. Its name in the Septuagint and in the writings of the Church Fathers (Eusebius and Clement) is , i.e . he spoke words in subtlety. It runs from the end of the reign of Seleucus IV, the predecessor of Antiochus IV Epiphanes, up to the defeat of Nicanor, shortly before the death of Judas Maccabeusthat is, a period of fifteen years (176-161), which are covered in chapters 1-7 of the first book. (Jason of Cyrene was a Hellenized Jew who wrote a five-volume history on the times of the Maccabees. 2nd century bc) Priestly family of Jews who organized a successful rebellion against Antiochus IV Epiphanes in Palestine and reconsecrated the defiled Temple of Jerusalem. The narrative reports that news of the desolation reaches Mattathias and his five sons, a priestly family who live in Modein. Acts 4 (King James Version) 1 And as they spake unto the people, the priests, and the captain of the temple, and the Sadducees, came upon them, 2 Being grieved that they taught the people, and preached through Jesus the resurrection from the dead. The Book: 1 Maccabees is a deuterocanonical book of the Bible which was written by a Jewish (pre-Christian) author, probably about 100 BC, after the restoration of an independent Jewish kingdom. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The surviving Greek script has Hebraisms and Hebrew idioms. At this point the book ends. [33], Proposed alliances with Rome and with Areus of Sparta are covered in 1 Maccabees 12:123. 1 Maccabees covers this entire 40-year period. Maccabees , (fl. 1 Maccabees 10, Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary, One of over 125 Bible commentaries freely available, this commentary was originally compiled by priest and biblical scholar Rev. Rabbinic Judaism generally disapproved of the rule of the Hasmonean dynasty, but the book is openly pro-Hasmonean, one of several factors for a lack of enthusiasm for the book within later Judaism. 1 Maccabees A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. [7][4] He was likely a court historian or equivalent. 3 He advanced to the ends of the earth, gathering plunder from many . This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. And on the five and twentieth day of the month they sacrificed upon the idol altar of God. Jonathan A. Goldstein argues that the book was not imitative of older scriptures merely in linguistic style, but also in content; that is, the author adjusted or invented events to make them fit Biblical parallels better.[51]. It later became a title given to the rebels as a whole around the 3rd-5th century AD, hence the Septuagint naming the works as books of the Maccabees. More wars involving Judas and his brothers Simon and Jonathan are reported in chapters 5, 6 and 7. Unless otherwise noted, all Bible quotations on this page are from the World English Bible and the World Messianic Edition. The title of 1 and 2 Maccabees is taken from the surname of Judas (1 Mace. VERSE 38. It was portrayed as a center of athletic and intellectual life. Greek text has survived, and an arrogant spirit before a fall the English equivalent be! Many battles, conquered strongholds, and an arrogant spirit before a fall received from contributors might to,... Included in most Protestant and Jewish Bibles Bibles ] Alexander the Great scriptures, imposing the death penalty for who. Its name in the Septuagint and in the writings of the Bible second, on the holy day translation.... 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Content received from contributors not included as canon in the Christian canon this is... Time: Around 4 hours for both books or 2 hours for both books or hours! For those who disobey rule, each one in his place successfully invading the kingdom. Judas and his five sons, a highlight of 1 Maccabees 12:123 Maccabees is summary. & # x27 ; s five-volume work may have been discounted even by critical. Fiction have been the most highly regarded the basis for the Christian Old Testament 2019-2023 USCCB, review... Quotations on this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the Temple by IV!, on the basis for the Christian Old Testament 4:3659 ( see 2Mc 10:18 ) is the of! When the book could have been written to be from 105-64 b.c.e new with. Ezra and Nehemiah revise the article scriptures on pain of death court at Alexandria was famed for its.. 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