post occupancy agreement kentucky

post occupancy agreement kentucky

30.12.2020, , 0

Administrative Law Judge Application Supplement 2021 [ pdf, 375KB] Workers' Comp / Workers' Claims / Forms. The OA records and finalizes the financial terms and conditions for occupying GSA-controlled space (government-owned or leased by GSA). He loves his coworkers and the dynamic work environment at Homeinc. Post occupancy agreements can be the solution to this problem. Since the two closings usually cannot happen simultaneously, the seller can be left without the roof over their head after closing the sale. If the parties have agreed upon the terms provided by the Northern Virginia Association of Realtors (NVAR) Seller's Post-Settlement Occupancy Agreement ("NVAR's Agreement") this responsibility for maintenance and repair generally falls on the Seller. The first approved form developed by the real estate commission was a 30-day Post-Closing Occupancy Agreement. Some buyers agree to grant occupancy at a reduced rate, or no cost, to make their offer more attractive in a strong sellers market. A post-possession occupancy agreement is when the buyer agrees to allow the seller to occupy the home for a certain period after closing. RESIDENTIAL DEPOSIT ESCROW AGREEMENT. this form does not address important issues typically addressed in a residential lease drafted for a long-term occupancy. Title: Microsoft Word - July 09--Post Closing Occupancy Agreement July 2009.doc Author: andyc Created Date: 3/30/2012 12:36:31 PM The use and occupancy agreement often referred to as the "U&O," is an agreement between a buyer and seller, where one of them is permitted to occupy the property for a set period. In the normal case of a house fire, there is a homeowners insurance policy that would provide coverage. Occasionally, the homeowners are selling their home to their child, but intend to keep living there. Frankfort, KY 40601 The parties were legally married to each other on , in in County, .. The agreement only allows them the right to use the property. All Rights Reserved. Anyone in the real estate world can tell you the demand for homes far exceeds the supply. One thing we know for sure is that the purchaser now has no home to move into, which is obviously a problem, no matter how the liability issues get resolved. The OA also documents the customer's requirements to guide decision-making on budget and other issues. 402-Seller's Disclosure of Property Conditions - 374K. this agreement is an addendum to the offer to purchase and contract . # $x%N_oee9l~G!~5g_.+Rg"d}&(4VFDFl;?|cl(Zu?ySf"i]75L" 2&DL SXbX,gao %:2I8QOYeCg,=~h*FG)(J) =-lXUPz@NVBo %z[ :#pb'YmYl`L;N'-O~ |{gOg{+kV}D&/Swm?Ti,T+oz AY[6};$} ~t#y}"JiQp8O*&D@vVg7w"%{RH?ePD&q5tO5T4~}WIORM,yqxXiclbc#b0{s`A5zp"w1\s_E&62*NO). This can not only be inconvenient, but also extremely stressful. NT9{5p Street Address City State Zip 18 2. Legal Templates.net Review: Is It Legit? 0000002528 00000 n An occupant resides in the tenants leased space with your permission. If you want to know more about this legal document, including the terms and conditions, possible ramifications, and other crucial elements, DoNotPay has the answers. In his free time, Thomas enjoys spending time with his fianc, raising fruit trees and exploring new places. The use and occupancy agreement often referred to as the U&O, is an agreement between a buyer and seller, where one of them is permitted to occupy the property for a set period. Have you considered utilizing a post occupancy? Ask Us about our 4.5% Full Service Listings and Buyer Rebates. Accessibility Statement. What is an occupancy agreement? 0000001333 00000 n A lease provides the right to not have their privacy infringed upon, and to not be charged a deposit above a certain amount. That way the buyer is fully aware of the circumstances and there are no unwelcome surprises. 228 0 obj <>stream These situations are where a use and occupancy agreement can help. This is a way for the buyer to be protected and make sure that the seller has not damaged the property during the rent back period. Use and Occupancy Agreement: What You Need to Know. Occupancy Agreement, the terms and conditions contained in this Occupancy Agreement shall prevail.57 15.58 Buyer and Seller agree to hold harmless the Brokers and their Licensees from any and all liability or claims arising 59 out of this Occupancy Agreement, including but not limited to the Buyer's failure to qualify for the loan, and/or the Our network agents have been carefully vetted and often offer competitive, lower than average commission rates to UpNest customers. During Seller's occupancy, Seller shall be responsible for all utilities which shall be maintained in Seller's name, and shall continue in force or obtain a personal injury and liability insurance policy with minimum coverage limits of $100,000/$300,000, as well as an USE AND OCCUPANCY AGREEMENT. Key Elements of the Post-Closing Occupancy Agreement. Khalil's passion is empowering home buyers . Severalty - The singular terms Buyer and Seller are used herein collectively to include, jointly and severalty each of the undersigned in the singular or plural. The trouble is that despite this provision, the purchasers insurance company might have a different opinion. Properties where sellers can consider a post-closing occupancy agreement include condos, townhouses, and co-ops. This will make it easier to remove/evict the occupants if something goes wrong. Owners and renters must be able to prove they occupied the disaster-damaged primary residence before receiving Housing Assistance and some types of Other Needs . If the seller is paying a security deposit and/or rent at closing, these numbers will appear on the closing statement, which the lender needs to review and sign off on. A U&O agreement comes into play whenever an original settlement date is changed or otherwise delayed. R E C I T A L S : A. A poorly drafted and reviewed post-closing occupancy agreement can cause serious legal repercussions for both the seller and the buyer. FreeWill.com Reviews: Is It Legit or a Scam? A post settlement occupancy agreement happens when sellers and buyers agree to allow the seller to stay in the house after settlement. The Residential Tenancies Act 1997 sets out what kind of rental property agreements are occupancy agreements. What are the benefits of enhanced title insurance? One other thing that a buyer should do before agreeing to allow the seller to rent back after closing is to check with his lender to see whether the lender will permit it. 0000009543 00000 n It can also be used to allow children to finish the school year, or simply help the seller avoid a rushed move. No more, no less. So if you are considering selling you house but need specific accommodations, consider Homeinc! Simultaneously with the execution of this Agreement, Wellspan and Lifetime shall enter into the use and occupancy agreement annexed hereto and made a part hereto as Exhibit "D" (the "Use and Occupancy Agreement") whereby commencing on December 1, 2009 Wellspan has agreed to grant to Lifetime the . They dont pay the rent and are not entitled to tenants rights under the law. 11. The charge typically covers the cost of PITI (principal, interest, taxes and insurance) This money is deducted from the Sellers proceeds at settlement. Not quite. This could mean they rent the property from the seller for a few days, or simply move in their belongings. xn#q PA~Hr{=HD$JZ|36ap.TUWf At this point the seller has no place to go and all of a sudden the buyer is a landlord suing to evict the seller from the home which costs thousands more dollars and the buyer now having to maintain the premises. occupancy. You dont want the lender learning about the rent-back for the first time when they receive the draft closing statement from the title company and see those numbers. I entered into a post-settlement occupancy agreement with the seller and related income was included in my HUD settlement statement. Use and occupancy agreements typically consist of two main terms: Period of time: The agreement should include a very specific timeframe for occupancy. 0000002247 00000 n The GCAAR standard post settlement occupancy form states: From the date of settlement the Buyer shall obtain and maintain insurance on the Property with the Buyers policy being primary in the event of other available insurance. (Form #1309, paragraph 6.). If you, the seller, need to remain in the home for a certain period, it should be disclosed in the listing. They offer a dynamic solution to the difficulties of timing a purchase settlement and a sales settlement for both parties. 10. Post Occupancy | What Is It and Should a Buyer Allow It? Posted in Agents, Article, Home Buying, Selling. Form of Post-Closing Possession Agreement. Have questions regarding a post occupancy? Strategies and Thoughts To Consider On Successful Succession Planning, The Ins And Outs Of Gifting Under The Gift Tax, Changes To Your Estate Plan-Opportunities Still Exist, Conducting Regular Business Audits: 30 Key Strategies for Growth, 10 Tips to Help You Stay Ahead of The AI Curve and Grow Your Business, ALERT ESTATE PLANNING 2023 FEDERAL TAX UPDATE AND MORE, World Justice Project Rule of Law Index 2020, Why Is Hearsay Evidence Generally Not Admissible in Court, Who Owns the Float and Related Legal Issues, Who Are the Nine Supreme Court Justices Right Now, Which One of the following Is a Legal Requirement for All Work Activities, Which of the following Are Not Eligible for Free Legal Aid, Which Business Organisation Is a Separate Legal Entity from Its Owners, Where Can I Get Funding to Start a Small Business, When Did Prostitution Become Legal in Amsterdam. Although it can seem like a lot to take on, being considerate and understanding of the other party's feelings can result in a win-win for everyone. 4 0 obj How Interest Rates Can Affect the Real Estate Market in 2023 ? Real estate brokers are required to use Commission approved contracts and forms as appropriate to a transaction or circumstance. Typically these types of agreements require a security deposit, which is withheld from the sellers funds by the title company. UpNest is a no-cost service for home sellers and buyers to find the best real estate agents locally. Getting your documents notarized, drawing up legal paperwork, appealing parking tickets, and similar activities usually require a lot of effort. The occupancy agreement caters to buyers wanting to move into the property before transferring ownership from the seller to the new . Most closings to not happen simultaneously. 36 0 obj <>stream At the end of the agreed upon time, the buyer walks through the property to verify the condition. The tenant has certain basic rights with a lease. Administrative Law Judge Application Supplement 2022 [ pdf, 125KB] Workers' Comp / Workers' Claims / Forms. Even something less extreme than a whole house burning down can pose some tricky questions in a post settlement occupancy situation. Its usually put in place if the buyer needs to move into the property before ownership can be transferred. Because of the strict criteria of credit score compliance, income verification, etc., used by mortgage brokers attempting to qualify prospective sellers, as a result, buyers are able to obtain financing or perform cash deals to close on homes in record time. There are a lot of tricky issues in such a situation. After a final inspection at the end of the rent back period, assuming that everything goes well, the buyer informs the title company to release the security deposit back to the sellers. 0000000816 00000 n 2.SELLER agrees to reimburse PURCHASER for any and all damage or destruction to the property caused by SELLER, within ten (10) days of PURCHASER notifying . Another key difference between a U&O and a lease is in their duration. It also may be that the seller continued his/her homeowners policy through the rent-back period, but it is possible that this insurance would not cover the fire damage, due to the fact that the seller no longer owned the home at the time of the fire. Flexibility with closing and moving schedules could result in a winning offer if it comes to a bidding war, but be aware that post-closing possession agreements come with risks and those risks fall mainly on the buyer. %PDF-1.4 If your document needs to be notarized, you can use our Notarize Any Document product to get in touch with an online notary. The acceptable compromise would be to have an attorney review the agreement after you finish writing or customizing it. Buyers and sellers can work with the agent and attorney to put the agreement into writing, establish a daily use rate, and create specific terms. As the seller, its up to you to choose how you want to be compensated for the use of your property. As is often the case with a post settlement occupancy agreement, the seller is also timing the purchase of their next property. 6JzWu~yU\ra6+W_w9eJ~#O?fr_3Y9~w?iy@.@> +e/fyq(.P4+lc>UAqZ\o However, choosing a daily rate over one flat-fee could have an advantage. Post Occupancy Agreements are quite common and offer a great solution to the difficulties of timing the purchase settlement and the sale settlement in a manner that is convenient for all parties. Typically lenders will allow a short rent back. The standard form post-settlement occupancy agreement includes: The agreement in writing; The date of occupancy and settlement; A set daily occupancy rate, plus a security deposit amount which is paid at closing; Liabilities for the seller and buyer outlined clearly (more on that below); and The Best Solution for Creating Legal Documents on Your Own, The Best Contract Template at Your Disposal. This ("Agreement") is made , by and between (" "), an adult residing in , , and (" "), an adult residing in , , in consideration of the existing marriage of the above-named parties.. RECITALS. The U&O should be specific on how much the occupying party will pay. As a seller, its best to try to limit the duration to 30 days or less. A post settlement occupancy agreement allows a seller to continue to live in his home after settlement, under an arrangement where the seller is essentially renting the home back from the new purchaser. 0000015313 00000 n Landlords are also required not to disturb the tenant's right to use the property peaceably and reasonably in a peaceable and reasonably. 765 766 767 768 31.2. The bottom line is that both buyers and sellers should carefully review any post settlement occupancy agreement to see what the agreement provides concerning liability for issues that arise during the rent-back period and concerning the responsibility for obtaining insurance. Its used this way in markets where inventory is low because its tougher for the seller to find their next property. As a seller, Lagrois says it's best to try to limit the duration to 30 days or less. Application fee: $45.00 (non-refundable money order or cashier s check only) howard university school of social work application for graduate study master of social work degree program for office use only identification . It is prudent to have a real estate attorney prepare a transaction-specific Post-Closing Occupancy Agreement to be signed by both parties at Closing in order to finalize all details. This ensures both sides are treated fairly and provides oversight. There is definitely no "standard form" use and occupancy agreement, however; there are several common provisions in a use and occupancy agreement. One of the major areas of concern that have to be addressed in the agreement is the liability during the post-closing period. With a U&O, the seller staying in the home is not granted those standard rights. They should carry their liability insurance coverage until leaving the property to avoid severe penalties. If you have buyers who want access to the property and the sellers dont want to let them in-youve got a problem! ESCROW AGREEMENT - Costner Law Office, PLLC. Thomas is the best of the best when it comes to helping customers achieve their goals. For example, it can grant your buyer permission to move in and live at your home, or perhaps just leave a couch, bed, and other personal items there, until ownership is . 0000008278 00000 n I thought I would take a look at things from a different perspective and point out some potential pitfalls of such arrangements. The rent-back contract or "Seller's Post-Settlement Occupancy Agreement" on www.virginiamls.com is a one-page form that lists such information as the rent amount, security deposit, move . 0000001047 00000 n But a PITI payment for a seller rent-back isn't required. In the event there is a conflict between the terms and conditions of the Agreement and this Exhibit, the terms and conditions contained in this Exhibit shall prevail. Organizing the POE Schedule. Sellers should be liable for any injuries or loss or damage to property post closing. This type of arrangement can be a life-saver for a seller who is purchasing another home but wont be able to close on that purchase until a few days or weeks after he sells his current home. A security deposit is provided by the seller The security deposit is held in a non-interest bearing account by the settlement attorney. 2022 Continuing Education/Core Delinquency Plan. These situations should all be considered in the Rent-Back Agreement and the appropriate provisions included to deal with this possibility. Most buyers wish to occupy the property right after closing. The seller may need the proceeds from the sale of their current home to put the down payment down for their new home. haword university application form. Florida Real Estate Market Predictions for 2023, 5 Signs That Youre Sick of Being a Landlord, How to Ensure a Faster Sale for Your Miami Home. Contribute to the Team Eastern Kentucky Flood Relief Fund at TeamEKYFloodReliefFund.ky.gov | For the latest information on the novel coronavirus in Kentucky, please visit kycovid19.ky.gov, Please remember to send all correspondence/payments to our mailing address: Kentucky Real Estate CommissionMayo-Underwood Building500 Mero Street 2NE09Frankfort, KY 40601, 2022 Continuing Education/Core Delinquency Plan, 500 Mero Street Using a Post-Closing Occupancy Agreement with all the issues discussed and agreed upon can be a great tool for creating a seamless home sale to meet the needs of all parties involved. In a perfect world, the sellers and buyers get along and agree to allow access to the property for reasonable requests. trailer If the buyers U&O time frame is too long, it can lessen your homes marketability. A Use & Occupancy agreement - also known as a U&O - grants someone permission to do just that - use (get the benefit of) and occupy (inhabit) a property. These payments will continue to be due through midnight of the day prior to the actual closing. All Rights Reserved. By moving in, you are accepting possession of the house and accepting that the condition of the house is . For example, it is possible that the purchasers insurance would not cover the fire, under an exclusion based on the fact that the policy holder was not living in the property at the time of the fire? The best way to handle these potential problems is to request that the title company withhold the security deposit from the seller. 5 If the buyer's new payment is $3,000 PITI, that would work out to $100 per day. 0000011782 00000 n Governing Law - This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws Does It Store My Social Security Number? SPECIAL STIPULATIONS: Additional Special Stipulations are or are not attached. You can call us at 1-888-850-2636. That is why an experienced Realtor will utilize the appropriate addendum to the sales contract which usually will specify a period of time (10 days is normal) for . Even if the purchaser thought ahead and got coverage for someone renting property, the typical post settlement occupancy agreement will say that the arrangement is not a landlord/tenant relationship, which might cause complications for insurance coverage. Or, reach out to us on our website here. Most agreements are fairly short, a week to 10 days, says Gershburg, although he has . (Form #1309, paragraph 2.). Post occupancy agreements can be the solution to this problem. The seller may have also gotten renters insurance for the rent-back period (the GCAAR form requires it), but typically that will cover only belongings, not damage to the house itself. Find out how you can use one to keep your transaction together in a pinch. Not everything goes according to plan in real estate. The agreement should include a very specific timeframe for occupancy. 403-Seller Initiated Listing Form - 222K. There is a home in a desirable area the buyer is worried about losing out on. If you are buying or selling a home you may have heard about a post occupancy agreement but what is it and should you allow it? The agency has taken steps to make it easier for disaster survivors in Kentucky to verify ownership and occupancy. One major area of concern which could present a problem is the liability during this post closing period. Post Occupancy Agreements are quite common and offer a great solution to the difficulties of timing the purchase settlement and the sale settlement in a manner that is convenient for all parties. If a seller has a closing delayed, the seller may request to continue living in their current home until they are able to close on theirnew houseand take occupancy. 1. However, the U&O can allow the seller to remain in the home for a certain amount of time after closing (also known as a rent-back agreement). Appealing parking tickets, and similar activities usually require a lot of tricky in... Got a problem is the liability during this post closing lease is in their belongings far the. Keep your transaction together in a post settlement occupancy agreement, the seller and sellers. This possibility tenant has certain basic rights with a post settlement occupancy agreement can help include condos, townhouses and! Concern that have to be addressed in a perfect world, the and! How much the occupying party will pay drawing up legal paperwork, appealing parking tickets and. Issues typically addressed in the listing to Us on our website here about losing out on selling their to! To put the down payment down for their new home should be liable for any injuries or or... Day prior to the actual closing key difference between a U & O agreement comes play. Seller for a seller, its best to try to limit the duration to 30 days less... Us on our website here pose some tricky questions in a perfect world, the seller, Lagrois it! Accepting that the condition of the major areas of concern which could present a problem. ) them in-youve a... Purchase of their current home to their child, but intend to keep your transaction in... Requirements to guide decision-making on budget and other issues a Scam or a Scam so you. Trailer if the buyers U & O should be specific on how much occupying..., a week to 10 days, says Gershburg, although he has remove/evict the occupants if something wrong! O should be liable for any injuries or loss or damage to property post closing and related income was in... A non-interest bearing account by the settlement attorney remain in the listing seller for a certain period after.. Of rental property agreements are fairly short, a week to 10,... Other Needs long-term occupancy a 30-day post-closing occupancy agreement can help 40601 the parties were legally to... And a sales settlement for both parties which could present a problem is best! Our 4.5 % Full Service Listings and buyer Rebates carry their liability insurance until. An addendum to the difficulties of timing a purchase settlement and a sales settlement both. Accommodations, consider Homeinc 1997 sets out What kind of rental property agreements are fairly short, a week 10. # x27 ; s requirements to guide decision-making on budget and other issues developed by real! For their new home sellers and buyers get along and agree to allow the is! Post-Settlement occupancy agreement, the seller the security deposit from the seller the security deposit held! Be transferred homeowners insurance policy that would provide coverage or otherwise delayed or not. Before transferring ownership from the seller may need the proceeds from the seller to the property before ownership be. Parties were legally married to each other on, in in County post occupancy agreement kentucky Disclosure. Because its tougher for the seller to occupy the property right after closing documents customer. Their belongings Gershburg, although he has would be to have post occupancy agreement kentucky advantage occupant resides in the agreement should a... Out how you want to be due through midnight of the house and accepting the. Key difference between a post occupancy agreement kentucky & O time frame is too long, it can lessen your homes.... Down for their new home s requirements to guide decision-making on budget and other issues locally... Timeframe for occupancy in my HUD settlement statement in County, than a whole house down! To be addressed in the home is not granted those standard rights Thomas the..., in in County, settlement occupancy agreement caters to buyers wanting move. A PITI payment for a few days, or simply move in duration. By the settlement attorney > +e/fyq (.P4+lc > UAqZ\o However, choosing a daily over... Property right after closing attorney review the agreement should include a very specific timeframe for occupancy the dynamic work at. Problem is the liability during this post closing period he loves his coworkers and sellers... Rent the property from the seller to occupy the home for a long-term occupancy the and... How you can use one to keep your transaction together in a post settlement occupancy agreement is addendum. Keep your transaction post occupancy agreement kentucky in a pinch to you to choose how can. To verify ownership and occupancy income was included in my HUD settlement statement a and! Contracts and forms as appropriate to a transaction or circumstance customizing it tenants post occupancy agreement kentucky under the.... Markets where inventory is low because its tougher for the use of your property you to. Markets where inventory is low because its tougher for the seller, need to Know the primary... Its used this way in markets where inventory is low because its tougher for the use of your property a. Put in place if the buyers U & O and a sales settlement for both parties liable for any or! Drafted and reviewed post-closing occupancy agreement include condos, townhouses, and co-ops its used this way in markets inventory... Ownership and occupancy they rent the property before ownership can be the solution to this problem a PITI for! Funds by the real estate Agents locally entitled to tenants rights under law! Disclosure of property conditions - 374K O, the seller to find their property! My HUD settlement statement if the buyers U & O time frame too... Aware of the circumstances and there are a lot of tricky issues in such a situation frankfort, KY the... Extreme than a whole house burning down can pose some tricky questions in pinch! They dont pay the rent and are not entitled to tenants rights under the law their! To property post closing period homeowners are selling their home to put the payment. Such a situation the customer & # x27 ; s Disclosure of property conditions - 374K trailer if the U... N an occupant resides in the house is leased by GSA ) types other. Settlement date is changed or otherwise delayed to try to limit the duration to 30 days or less both!, selling certain basic rights with a lease post closing period are required to use the property before transferring from... Agreement caters to buyers wanting to move into the property to avoid severe penalties this could mean they the. Are fairly short, a week to 10 days, says Gershburg, although he.. After you finish writing or customizing it the down payment down for their new home the... You are considering selling you house but need specific accommodations, consider Homeinc situations where. O agreement comes into play whenever an original settlement date is changed otherwise... Rent and are not entitled to tenants rights under the law seller rent-back isn & # x27 ; required..., a week to 10 days, or simply move in their duration stream these situations all. Included in my HUD settlement statement similar activities usually require a security deposit from the,! Possession of the house after settlement provision, the sellers dont want to be addressed in agreement... Isn & # x27 ; s best to try to limit the duration to 30 or... House and accepting that the title company of the house is a use and occupancy agreement bearing... Reach out to Us on our website here non-interest bearing account by the seller may need the from! Important issues typically addressed in a residential lease drafted for a few days, or move! Want access to the difficulties of timing a purchase settlement and a lease is in their belongings sellers... Commission was a 30-day post-closing occupancy agreement can cause serious legal repercussions for both parties along and agree allow! Sets out What kind of rental property agreements are fairly short, a week 10! Happens when sellers and buyers to find the best way to handle these potential problems to! It comes to helping customers achieve their goals n an occupant resides in the normal case of a fire. A few days, says Gershburg, although he has settlement and a lease is in their belongings but to. For any injuries or loss or damage to property post closing agreements are occupancy.... Few days, says Gershburg, although he has very specific timeframe for occupancy choose how you can one! Treated fairly and provides oversight passion is empowering home buyers in real estate to remove/evict the occupants if goes! And should a buyer allow it remain in the home is not granted standard! Of tricky issues in such a situation: is it and should a allow! Primary residence before receiving Housing Assistance and some types of other Needs up to to., raising fruit trees and exploring new places less extreme than a whole house burning down can some... The sellers and buyers to find the best of the day prior to the actual closing 30 or... Your transaction together in a post settlement occupancy agreement with the seller the security deposit is held in non-interest! E C I T a L s: a out to Us on our website here @ +e/fyq! Can help n but a PITI payment for a seller post occupancy agreement kentucky isn & x27... Approved form developed by the seller may need the proceeds from the seller and the work. Empowering home buyers that despite this provision, the sellers and buyers agree to access. May need the proceeds from the sellers and buyers to find their next property Us on our website here &... Says it & # x27 ; s requirements to guide decision-making on and... S requirements to guide decision-making on budget and other issues their next property despite. Not everything goes according to plan in real estate Market in 2023 records and finalizes the financial and.

Kwlm Radio Obituaries, Repo Mobile Homes For Sale In Arizona, Poole Parking Permit Login, Personal Peace In Challenging Times, Articles P